Class X Science

Unit I: Chemical Substances – Nature and Behaviour (Chemistry – ≈25 marks)

  1. Chemical Reactions and Equations
    • Types of reactions (combination, decomposition, displacement, double displacement, redox), balancing equations, corrosion/rancidity.
  2. Acids, Bases and Salts
    • Properties, pH scale, indicators, neutralization, common salts (NaOH, bleaching powder, baking soda, washing soda, Plaster of Paris).
  3. Metals and Non-metals
    • Physical/chemical properties, reactivity series, ionic compounds, extraction, corrosion prevention.
  4. Carbon and its Compounds
    • Covalent bonding, versatile nature, saturated/unsaturated hydrocarbons, functional groups, ethanol/ethanoic acid, soaps/detergents.

Unit II: World of Living (Biology – ≈25 marks)

  1. Life Processes
    • Nutrition (autotrophic/heterotrophic), respiration, transportation, and excretion in plants & animals.
  2. Control and Coordination
    • Nervous system (reflex action, brain), hormones in animals, tropic movements & hormones in plants.
  3. How do Organisms Reproduce?
    • Asexual/sexual reproduction, reproductive health, contraception, STDs.
  4. Heredity (or Heredity and Evolution in some references)
    • Mendel’s laws, inheritance, sex determination, and evolution basics (natural selection, speciation).

Unit III: Natural Phenomena (Physics – ≈12 marks)

  1. Light – Reflection and Refraction
    • Laws of reflection/refraction, mirrors (plane/spherical), lenses, image formation, refractive index, lens formula.
  2. The Human Eye and the Colourful World
    • Structure, defects (myopia, hypermetropia, presbyopia), dispersion, scattering (sky blue, sunset red), and atmospheric refraction.

Unit IV: Effects of Current (Physics – ≈13 marks)

  1. Electricity
    • Electric current, potential difference, Ohm’s law, resistance, series/parallel circuits, heating effect, power, energy consumption.
  2. Magnetic Effects of Electric Current
    • Magnetic field, Oersted experiment, right-hand rules, solenoid, electromagnet, electric motor, generator, electromagnetic induction, domestic circuits.

Unit V: Natural Resources (Environment – ≈5 marks, often lighter weightage)

  1. Our Environment
    • Ecosystem, food chains/webs, ozone depletion, waste management, biodegradable/non-biodegradable.