Lesson Plan: Light, Sound and Energy

Class/Grade: II (Age group: 7–8 years)
Subject: Science (Environmental Science/EVS integrated)
Topic: Light, Sound and Energy (प्रकाश, ध्वनि और ऊर्जा – simple Hindi support for explanations)
Duration: 45–50 minutes (can be split into two sessions: one for Light & Energy, one for Sound)
Alignment: Suitable for CBSE/NCERT/State Boards – Basic introduction (sources of light/sound, how we see/hear, simple energy connections)

Learning Objectives

By the end of the lesson, students will be able to:

  1. Identify common sources of light and sound.
  2. Understand that light helps us see and sound helps us hear.
  3. Know that energy is needed to produce light and sound (e.g., sun gives light energy, clapping uses body energy for sound).
  4. Demonstrate simple concepts through fun activities (e.g., making shadows, producing sounds).
  5. Use simple words to describe light, sound, and energy in sentences.

Key Vocabulary (Simple words with easy explanations)

  1. Light (प्रकाश) – Bright things that help us see
  2. Sound (ध्वनि) – Noise we hear
  3. Energy (ऊर्जा) – Power to make things happen
  4. Source (स्रोत) – Where something comes from
  5. Sun (सूरज) – Biggest light source
  6. Torch (टॉर्च) – Hand light
  7. Shadow (छाया) – Dark shape when light is blocked
  8. Loud (ज़ोर की) – Big sound
  9. Soft (धीमी) – Small sound
  10. See (देखना) – Use eyes
  11. Hear (सुनना) – Use ears
  12. Vibrate (कंपन करना) – Shake to make sound
  13. Bright (चमकीला) – Full of light
  14. Dark (अंधेरा) – No light

(Teacher can use Hindi for quick understanding.)

Materials Required

  • Torch/flashlight
  • Small mirror
  • Toys that make sound (bell, drum, whistle)
  • Balloons, rubber bands (for sound activities)
  • Pictures/charts: Sun, bulb, candle, ear, eye, shadows
  • White sheet/wall for shadow play
  • Soft music player or clapping hands
  • Crayons/paper for drawing
  • Worksheet: Simple coloring and circling (sources of light/sound)

Procedure

1. Warm-up (5–7 minutes)

Objective: Engage senses and introduce topic.

  • Greet with fun: "Good morning, little scientists! Close your eyes... What do you hear? Now open... What do you see?"
  • Quick game:
    • Make sounds: Clap hands (loud/soft), ring bell. Ask: "What is this? Sound!"
    • Turn on/off torch in a semi-dark corner: "What helps us see? Light!"
  • Connect: "Today we will learn about light, sound, and the energy that makes them!"
2. Introduction to Light and Energy (12–15 minutes)

Objective: Teach sources and basic role of light.

  • Explain simply: "Light comes from sources like the sun, bulb, or torch. It gives us energy to see things." (Hindi: "प्रकाश सूरज, बल्ब से आता है। इससे हम देखते हैं।")
  • Demonstrations:
    1. Show torch: "Torch has battery energy → makes light."
    2. Sun picture: "Sun gives light and heat energy to the whole world!"
    3. Candle (safe, teacher-lit): "Fire energy makes light."
  • Fun activity: Shadow play!
    • Shine torch on wall, make hand shadows (bunny, bird).
    • Ask: "Why is there a shadow? Because something blocks light!"
  • Discuss: "Without light energy, it's dark. We can't see colours or things."
3. Main Activity 1: Sound and How It's Made (10–12 minutes)

Objective: Understand sound production.

  • Explain: "Sound is made when things vibrate (shake fast). We need energy to make things shake!" Examples:
    • Rub hands → feel vibration → hear sound.
    • Blow balloon, let air out → sound!
    • Pluck rubber band → vibrates → sound.
  • Hands-on:
    • Pass around bell/drum: Children gently hit → "Loud sound!" Whisper → "Soft sound!"
    • Group game: Make different sounds (clap, stomp feet, whistle). Ask: "Loud or soft?"
4. Main Activity 2: Connecting Light, Sound, and Energy (10 minutes)

Objective: Link concepts.

  • Explain: "Energy makes light and sound possible. Sun energy → light. Our body energy (from food) → clap to make sound."
  • Mirror fun: Shine torch on mirror → light bounces → "Light reflects!" (Simple intro to reflection.)
  • Song/Rhyme: Sing "Twinkle Twinkle Little Star" with actions (flash torch for stars, clap for sound).
5. Conclusion and Wrap-up (5 minutes)
  • Recap with questions:
    • "Name one light source." (Sun, torch)
    • "How do we make sound?" (Shake/vibrate things)
    • "What gives energy for light and sound?" (Sun, food, battery)
  • Quick share: "I like light because..." or "My favourite sound is..."
  • Praise: "You all are super observers today!"

Assessment

  • Formative (during lesson):
    • Observation: Participation in shadow play, sound making, and correct answers.
    • Oral: "Show me a shadow." / "Make a loud sound."
  • Worksheet (end or homework):
    • Colour pictures of light sources.
    • Circle sound-making objects (bell, drum vs. book).
    • Draw your shadow.
  • Self-assessment: Smileys: "I had fun with light and sound!" 😊/😐

Differentiation

  • Advanced students: Explain why we see rainbow colours in light.
  • Struggling students: More actions/demonstrations, repeat with gestures.
  • Sensory learners: Extra touching (vibrations), listening games.

Homework

  • At home: Find 2 light sources and 2 sound sources. Draw them and tell family (e.g., "Fan makes sound with electricity energy").
  • Observe: Play shadow game with torch at home.

This lesson is playful, sensory, and hands-on to match Grade II curiosity, introducing light, sound, and energy connections without overwhelming details!